Header Image - The Worlds of Ntozake Shange

Reflection on Shange Visit

On Wednesday, September 26, four days into autumn, four days into Libra season, I sat down at a table where the incomparable and irreplaceable Ntozake Shange sat at the head, as the star, with her blond cornrows, pierced eyebrows, cerulean blue nails and eyes gleaming with wisdom and willingness to listen to young girls spill over with love and admiration. Questions about her life and her passions were asked, but two hours could not satisfy all the questions I had in me. I wanted to ask about her travels, the experiences of living in different cities, if she ever doubted the artist’s life, if she ever had extended bouts of writers blocks where language failed her and poetry was not an option. But I was in awe, I didn’t want to talk too much or say the wrong thing.

When I got the chance to sit and take a picture with her, I asked for a hug. But even when looking in her eyes, my tongue couldn’t summon from the back of my throat the gratitude I yearned to express. I wanted to cry and tell her how much her poems, like music, have been the soundtrack to the past four, five years of my life. Her words have reached inside and pulled out from the angriest, tiredest, most impassioned places of my spirit a voice and a vision that has blossomed into fulfilling experiences. My learning a new language, traveling to South America, becoming more invested in learning about and connecting to the Diaspora, has everything to do with Ms. Shange’s writings of other cultures. I remember living in Bahia and reading Sassafrass, Cypress & Indigo and then being motivated to take an Afro-Brazilian dance class thinking what would Cypress do?

I wanted to express all these things, but all I could manage was a “thank you so much”, realizing that I’m one of a dozen other gaping girls, one of hundreds of thousands of colored girls around the world finding and losing themselves in the language and sound of Ntozake Shange’s poems.

Shange and the World Wide Feminist Coalition

It was hard to re-imagine the legendary, brilliant, and transformative Shange who is more of a symbol than a person to me, to be a human being that exists in the same room that I exist in. I don’t think I’ve ever had the honor of talking to, let alone eating lunch with and asking questions to any other person whose vast creativity shaped a generation. I am deeply shook and grateful to have shared space with Ntozake Shange. Through her bright storytelling, I image she lived the life that every aspiring creative Black radical woman wants to live: running from famous dance class to dance class (being idolized at each), reading poetry to crowds across the country, and celebrating and conversing with other famous and brilliant minds. I’m know I’m idolizing Shange’s life, but it was magical to see a glimpse of that reality and to see a glimpse of her mind, unedited. She didn’t answer questions like I’d expect, she added brilliant twists. When a classmate asked about different feminisms I expected her to go ahead and trash capitalist feminisms as I’ve seen many other radical speakers do before. Instead, while she acknowledged post-question that not all types of feminism are good or actually feminism, she thought of a world in which different people’s feminisms could converse with each other (not become one another), but form a coalition. She said something like this, “If men get to have the United Nations, we should get to have a feminist coalition.” While she says she can’t imagine a world that without oppression, I would think that a world-wide feminist coalition would be a part of that world. This is one of many of her thoughts that stuck with me past lunch.

Shange Visit Reflection – Iwu #1

by Onyekachi Iwu 1 Comment

UNTITLED (2004) by Lynette Yiadom Boakye

This week, we had the amazing pleasure of meeting Ntozake Shange in person. There’s something almost unsettling about meeting writers, or any artist one admires in fact, in the flesh. I don’t know if anyone else experiences this. As I watched Shange eat slowly, sip quietly at soda, or struggle to find a page to read from, I was interested in what ways I had constructed her as a mythical figure in my head. And how there was also beauty in these little human moments she gave us casually.

Sometimes it’s hard to believe that a text has a living person behind it, not just the voice you use to read the text. I feel as if there is a Shange that exists who has my same voice and lives in my head, who is the haphazard stapling of all of the inverses of my insecurities. Someone who is the embodiment of all of the women and characters her text speaks through. And then there is the Shange in the flesh. Someone breathing and alive and with a history that no amount of text could fully translate. It was hard to look at her at times, since my brain was wrestling with these two images. Above is a painting by Lynette Yiadom Boakye that I think speaks to this distortion, at least what I experience, when I meet the art vs the artist.

Although I wasn’t able to attend a lot of the lunch, there were a few things I found very compelling that Shange spoke about. One moment was when I asked her what other mediums she would like to translate herself through. In response, she began describing the creative relationship she had with cooking. She spoke of “redefining food for myself as a woman”. Rather than viewing food as a female duty, she spoke of reclaiming the practice as a way to connect to her body and to her culture. It reminds me in the way women often reclaim things used to chain them as a way to release themselves.

I think one of the most interesting things I learned about her work was the note Jennell made about how For Colored Girls was originally meant to be a story about women of color. Although I value solidarity as a concept, I wonder if in search of solidarity the specificity of our experiences are lost. I think the notion of solidarity also disturbs me through the ways I see antiblackness and misogynoir play out in other communities of color. I personally take a lot of issue with the term woman of color, and have actively rejected that term when people try to define me in that way. Until this class, I believe Shange’s work to be work for black women, when in reality, she is interested a wider sense of healing.

 

Updated: A Fulani Lullaby

 

Yum-maa yehii jaabe

Lullaby

(Fula)

Oo baynaa! Oo bay!

Oo baynaa! Oo bay!

Dey yu, dey yu, dey yu

Dey yu, dey yu, dey yu

Yum-maa yehii jaabe,

O addii jaabel gootel,

Muccii e hakkunde laawol

Ferlii e hakkunde maayo

Ferlii e hakkunde maayo

Oo baynaa! Oo bay!

Oo baynaa! Oo bay!

Dey yu, dey yu, dey yu

Dey yu, dey yu, dey yu

Yum-maa yehii jaabe

Yum-maa yehii jaabe

O addii jaabel gootel,

O addii jaabel gootel,

Image result for jujube mauritania

Your Mom Went to Look for Jujube Fruit

(English)

Oo baynaa! Oo bay!

Oo baynaa! Oo bay!

O-oh, bayna! Oh, bay!

O-oh, bayna! Oh, bay!

Hush, hush, hush!

Hush, hush, hush!

Your mom went to look for jujube fruit

She found only one,

She ate it on the way back

She threw the pit in the river

She threw the pit in the river

O-oh, bayna! Oh, bay!

O-oh, bayna! Oh, bay!

Hush, hush, hush!

Hush, hush, hush!

Your mom went to look for jujube fruit

Your mom went to look for jujube fruit

She found only one

She found only one

O-oh, bayna! Oh, bay!

O-oh, bayna! Oh, bay!

I grew up in a Senegalese Fulani/ Pulaar household where pulaar was the dominant language spoken at home. The above lullaby is one of the many lullaby my mother sang to me while I was growing up. It is lullaby I sing to my cousin when she refuses to stop crying. It’s a lullaby that transcends generations. Shange mentioned “mama’s little baby likes shortnin shortnin/ mama’s little baby likes shortnin bread” in her book For Colored girls who have considered suicide when the rainbow wasn’t enuf which reminded me of that Fulani lullaby.

Both poems are very gendered especially the Fulani one, which doesn’t gender the child but only the absent mother is mentioned. In the Fulani lullaby, the relationship between the child and his or her mother is well established. The crying baby is only missing or crying for his/her mother, who has the unshakable image as the child’s only care taker. The “shortin bread” poem also has the same effect. Rather intentional or not, both poems, in many ways, enforce gender roles and a father’s un-involvement in his child’s raising. Shortnin bread and the fulani lullaby are forms of history that continue to live through the kids of the present. 

Updated: Royalty and Blackness

“an occasional appearance by maria tallchief/ the native american prima ballerina close to my heart/ cuz we were not only colored by lumbee/ cherokee and blackfoot/” (shange, 52). The Native American ballerina on television showed a young Shange the multiplicity of colored people. The ballerina defied notions  that racially marked individuals were no more than just one monolithic group.

Response to Adrienne Rich’s Of Woman Born – Anger and Tenderness

“Unexamined assumptions: First, that a “natural” mother is a person without further identity, one who can find her chief gratification in being all day with small children, living at a pace tuned to theirs; that the isolation of mothers and children together in the home must be taken for granted; that maternal love is, and should be, quite literally selfless; that children and mothers are the ‘causes’ of each others’ suffering.”

 

This quote resonated with me because it highlights an idea that I know I have internalized: the expectation that to be a mother, a woman must give up her self, her personhood, to her child. For many years I committed against my mother the injustice of believing this. My mother loves me and has always wanted to give me everything I wanted and needed. As a result, her love and the pressure to be “the perfect mother” (whatever that even means) overwhelmed her.

Post-Zake visit (UPDATE)

Zakettes!

What a beautiful group!

I want to thank you all for bringing such wonderful energy and insightful questions to the events this week.  I was regretting that we really hadn’t had time to bond before Zake’s visit, but now we’ve had, I think, a transformative experience.  Re the blog: This is a “free” week. Which is to say, I’m not requiring one,  but you will want to write one 1). If you joined the class late  2).  to give yourself some wiggle room if you need to miss one later

“Of Woman Born” A response by Phanesia Pharel

“There is much to suggest that the male mind has always been haunted by the force of the idea of dependence on a woman for life itself, the son’s constant effort to assimilate, compensate for, or deny that he is “of woman born.”

 

This quote stood out to me for many reasons. When watching the entire canon of literary work it seems that humanity is haunted by the woman. From the role of Eve in the Bible as an evil seductress who is punished through motherhood, to the entire genre of film noir, it is clear that men are scared. One of my favorite lines of a Kehlani song, a queer biracial singer, who with no doubt has been inspired by Shange is “And I know every man has a fear of a strong-minded woman, but I say she’s a keeper if she keeps it all runnin.” And although, I agree with this quote and I feel that men in many of my personal interactions have tried to make me smaller out of fear of the power I possess as a dark-skinned black lavender goddess. The complexity of trans men being able to, and having given birth is one we must remember. Not every “female” body is one that holds a woman. This entire article is overwhelmingly cis, and even within Ntozake’s work, I question how trans and nonbinary individuals feel about the portrayal of womanhood. I also understand that not every literary source needs to be relatable to every person.

 

“Terms like “barren” or “childless” have been used to negate any further identity. The term “nonfather” does not exist in any realm or social categories.

 

I remember as a child, my parents whoa re still married were separated at one point. My father told me frankly that he felt he lost a part of his life marrying my mother. My father, who at this point had left me at home for months, was absent and had a life of his own from my perspective. While my mother was tethered to me, and although I faced abandonment by both of my parents. My father has never been blamed for anything that has gone wrong in our lives from my extended family. Growing up, I expected nothing but the worst of men. When I was thirteen, I attended my friend Hilda’s birthday party and I could tell her father was a good man who loved her mother dearly. I immediately romanticized this man and in the future any man who did the bare minimum of what was expected of a woman. I have slowly learned that by watching women like my mother, like myself with PCOS and other conditions that make childbirth difficult how little respect we truly have for women. For men, they are not vessels of childbirth. That’s just a fact. But women? We are USELESS until we succumb to being baby makers. This speech by Tracee Ellis Ross was a moment where I realized I might not want to have children, I might not ACTUALLY want to get married, or base my value on these things. And it’s really hard and confusing to ask these questions. I am going to pull this back to Shange, from one of my favorite moments of “For Colored Girls”.

FOR COLORED GIRLS EXCERPT

“but bein alive & bein a woman & bein colored is a metaphysical

dilemma/ i havent conquered yet/ do you see the point

my spirit is too ancient to understand the separation of soul & gender/ my love is too delicate to have thrown back on my face

 

my love is too delicate to have thrown back on my face

 

my love is too beautiful to have thrown back on my face

 

my love is too sanctified to have thrown back on my face

 

my love is too magic to have thrown back on my face

 

my love is too Saturday nite to have thrown back on my face

 

my love is too complicated to have thrown back on my face

 

my love is too music to have thrown back on my face”

 

The first time I heard this I cried. I thought about all the love I offer people and how so often I don’t feel there are people there who care for me. In connection to Tracee’s words (which are straight lineage from Shange, I mean cmon shes a trained actress from Brown), I think “My life is my own” and “My love is too/ to be thrown back in my face” all connect to the same thing. Loving ourselves, recognizing our worth and doing the demanding work of taking care of ourselves. I started in one place and I resulted in another. Please bear with me, its how my mind works and a sign of growth I think. This week has been a helpful reminder. Thank you so much. I am so excited to discuss all of this.

The Colonized Intellectual

“National culture is the collective thought

process of a people to describe,

justify,

and extol the actions

whereby they have joined forces

and remained strong…

National culture in the under­developed countries,

therefore,

must lie at the very heart of the liberation struggle

these countries are waging.” (National Culture, Fanon)

This quote was quite interesting to me because it could easily be applied to modern day music and Shange. Awhile back, I had a small discussion with my friends about Nigerian music being called African music or Jamaican music being simply referred to as Caribbean music. Interestingly, the conversation shifted into talking about race, music, locality, etc. This quote also brought up two questions for me: what power does the collective have that an individual would not? To what extent or in what situations is the collective force necessary or needed? Shange And Fanon have two completely different writing styles. Though Shange’s writing might be a bit of an easier read, both writers and thinkers are intellectual and revolutionary thinkers.

Going back to the entire reading by Fanon, Fanon details three stages in what he called the “colonized intellectual”. Fanon explained that in the first stage, the intellectual mimics the colonist and conforms to colonial tastes. This is a stage where the colonized tries to be like the Europeans, extolling and admiring European culture. In the second stage, Fanon explains,  the colonized reacts against this assimilation and desire. This is the Négritude phase in which, in reaction to the European casting of African culture as inferior, the intellectual extols each and every thing about African culture as superior. In the third stage, this love for culture finally moves to a fight for liberation. The intellectual begins to write “combat literature, revolutionary literature” that hopes to galvanize and motivate the people into fighting the colonists. In this stage, Fanon explains is the hope that developing a new culture will begin to shape a new nation.

Capitalism and Feminism

A movement/narrowly concerned with pregnancy and birth

which does not ask

questions

and demands

answers about the lives of children, the priorities of the government:

a movement/ in which individual families

rely on consumerism and educational

privilege

to supply their own children with good

nutrition, health care can,

while perceiving itself a progressive or alternative

exist only as a minor contradiction within a society most of whose

children grow up in poverty

and which places its highest priority on the technology of

war.

 

My decision to turn this quote from Adrienne Rich’s Of Woman Born: Motherhood as Experience and Institution into a poem was based on the malignancy ingrained in the questions of capitalism and sexism. This excerpt spoke to me heavily because Rich actively acknowledges the power of capitalism when addressing issues of a woman’s body and its relation to society. By integrating conversations of “consumerism” and “government” with topics such as “pregnancy”, Rich is encouraging a holistic approach when addressing 21st century feminism. When constructing this poem I thought heavily about Chimamanda Adichie’s TED talk “The Danger of a Single Story.” Her talk discusses how individuals are composed of complex identities and connections and to reduce someone to a single narrative is to take away their humanity. I believe that capitalism is an all-consuming force and to deny its power would be unjust and ultimately fail to dismantle any systems of oppression. Rich echoes Adichie’s sentiments in her TED talk by refusing to strip away conversations of capitalism when discussing motherhood and feminism.

Furthermore, my stylistic choice in how I turned this quote into a poem was based on words that I deemed the most dynamic. I choose to give words such as “questions,” “privilege,” and “war” their own lines in order to emphasize them. When reading this poem out loud the reader is forced to give intentional breaks and breaths dedicated to these three words. I this because I I believe these breaks force both the reader and the listener to reconcile with these words and think deeper about the meaning behind them.