Header Image - The Worlds of Ntozake Shange

Onyekachi Iwu

what’s in a name?

If you were to ask me to list all of the things I identify as — “black”, “woman”, “queer”, “writer”, etc., I think the word “feminist” would follow sometime after the word “tall”. “Feminist” is not an identifier I readily think of as something that defines me. This is not because I don’t believe in a movement that combats the subjugation and devaluing of women globally. Or because I’m not forced to face the devaluing of my own womanhood on a daily basis. I don’t even think it’s because of the history of feminism as a movement that centers the issues of middle-class straight white women, although that may be a contributing factor.

I think my disconnect from the word “feminism” is that it feels like it forces a singularity. I am “woman and”, rather than both of my identities of blackness and womanhood existing simultaneously. I think in a way, I have “chosen” blackness. This is because when I am around black people, I am black and a woman. When I step outside of my community, I feel like I have to choose. In the eyes of “women of color” I am a woman. In front of “white women”, I am black. It is only in black spaces that I feel like both of these identities can inform and live together, especially in the presence of other black women.  I identify more with the idea that I am a black person who is a woman, than a woman who is black.

That being said, I don’t see blackness as something above my womanhood. The spaces I seek out and participate in are those that center black womanhood. The relationships with women I prioritize are with other black women and femmes, not black men. If I were to identify as something relating to radical work to uplift women, I would identify as a “womanist”, like Alice Walker. In her words explaining womanism, she states that a womanist is someone who is: “A woman who loves other women, sexually and/or nonsexually. Appreciates and prefers women’s culture, women’s emotional flexibility … and women’s strength. … Committed to survival and wholeness of entire people”. Like Walker, I believe in black women’s, and women of color’s, socialization of being a site of care and healing as possessing profound tools to heal the world and ourselves.This is what i would also use for the radical women of the 1970s/80s.

Even so, I feel like my activism is something I live, not something I necessarily have to name. In that, I would identify as a black woman who prioritizes the healing and care of other black women. I don’t find that the naming of “feminism” makes others more visible to me. Instead, it makes those who carry the values and beliefs I do about radical healing invisible to me. The word “Feminist” groups us all together, making it unclear what we all stand for.

 

things i wish i could tell my mom

by Onyekachi Iwu 1 Comment

Things I Wish I Could Tell My Mom

I am returning to Of Woman Born: Reflections on Motherhood as Experience and Institution by Adrienne Rich because I think it was one of the most impactful for me this semester. I am currently doing a project that explores the relationship between black women and their mothers. A lot of the complex emotions and pains Rich details mirrors a lot of the conversations I’ve been having with black women about the relationships they have with their mothers.

 

The line “I too shall marry, have children, but not like her” and resenting our mothers for teaching us “compromise and self hatred” resonated with me so much.  It reminded me of “Things I Wish I Could Tell My Mother” by Daysha Edewi, a video where Edewi sets up a hypothetical scenario where she is able to confront her mother about the conflicting messages she sent to her as a little black girl. Her mother told her all the time that she loved her and adored her, while simultaneously constantly shaming and criticizing her body. She speaks a lot about feeling hypersexualized in her mothers eyes, although her and her mother shared the same body type. Within patriarchy, mothers try to teach their daughters to defend themselves against men– wear longer skirts, less make-up, gain less weight. However, by trying to protect their daughters from the pain and fear they experience, they end up traumatizing them and perpetuating the system.

 

I hated my mother for not fighting this system, for passing down insecurities and these performances of what love and care should be, and how that love and care does not exist for myself, but with men. Because of how our mother’s violence feels, we naively assume our awareness of this violence means we can break the cycle. I remember spending moments where I would assure I would never be so cruel to my child, call her names, and police her body in the ways my mother has done to me. And to some extent, I believe this is true. But I have so much more sympathy for my mother as an adult. No one taught her any different.

 

Rich also discusses how the patriarchy inherently feels threatened by the relationship between a mother and daughter, a relationship that exists outside of giving energy and care towards a man but directs that energy into another woman. There is this idea that the love and care women inhabit should be reserved and received by men alone, it’s function is to raise and parent men, even into the man’s adulthood. She mentions how her mother gave up being a pianist in order to further her husband’s dreams, similar to the ways mothers give up their dreams in order to give space to the dreams of their children.

 

Mothers and daughters rarely speak to each other, and have no standard for how to build a relationship in the home despite both experiencing this immense pain. How do we begin to heal if we don’t even know how to speak to one another?

 

women with a little w

My favorite reading from this week’s selection was Chandra Talpade Mohanty’s piece “Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses”. In this piece, she thoroughly unpacks the problematic ideals Western feminists hold towards how to relate Third World Women. The root of this issue is generalization, attempting to create one “Women” identity that exists in one vague, ahistorical experience that positions women as subordinate. She notes that this concept of Women (capital W) is constructed. Lowercase “women” is real, noting history and specificity that lives in every woman’s identity. This reminded me of Shange’s use of lowercase letters. However, Shange’s use of the lowercase creates the effect of collective, something that blurs specificity and singularity. Here, the lowercase is used to give a sense of grounding, moving away from a “high concept” version of the word rather than representing the women who live in it.

 

In the piece, Mohanty details how Western feminists dangerously characterize Third World Women as “sexually restrained”, “domestic”, “poor”, “family-oriented”, “tradition-bound”, and “uneducated”. In contrast, the Western feminist positions herself as “modern”, “educated”, and “having control over her body and sexuality” (pg.7) The ahistorical nature of dichotomy erases the specificity that exists in every experience of women, that is deeply rooted by their economic, racial, ethnic, religious, and social position. The characteristics given to each “group” lives and effects the other. This dichotomy positions the West in the position of savior, a patriarchal imperialistic figure to “save” Third World Women.

One example of how generalization limits our deeper understanding of Third World Women’s varied experiences is through how the West views the Veil. Often, the West asserts that the veil is inherently misogynistic, a symbol of how the Middle East controls women. However, Mohanty points out how the veil varies from culture to culture. For example, the veil was used in Iran in 1979 as a form of protest against Western colonization and in solidarity with working class Iranian women. This example reminded me of the political comic book, “Persepolis”.In iir, Marjane Satrapi tells the story of her childhood in Iran during and after the Islamic Revolution. Due to the revolution, she began to question what it said about her that she chose to wear or not wear the veil.

 

This piece made me reflect in the ways that I almost instinctively fall into the trap of using the “solutions” of our own oppressions onto Third World Women. As a black woman, I struggle to even see myself as living in a “Western” ideology, since this ideology is assumed to be white. However, as a member of Western society, I have internalized some of these paternalistic and imperialistic views, and also do have a hand in the oppression of Third World Women.

 

Why is it so difficult to resist the capital w “Women”? Perhaps it comes with recognizing there is so much work, listening, education, and time we must dedicate in order to fully involve ourselves in this specificity that Mohanty calls for. By maintaining the idea of “Women” as a singular ahistorical identity, we not only are able to sidestep the work of fully unpacking our role in other women’s oppression, we also able to sidestep work that we perhaps would not benefit from.

god is a black woman who lives in the moon

Image result for solange as moon

Solange Moon Performance on SNL

After our last class, I’ve been very interest in the concept of the “moon” in Shange’s work. In our last class, we talked about the representation of the “moon” in Sassafrass, Cypress, and Indigo. In that text, the “moon” had two meanings that existed in a dichotomy. This dichotomy, which I came to understand as “South vs North”, lives throughout the text. The “South” moon is spiritual and lives internally, often inside women as a healing force. This moon is related to themes of cycles, menstruation, transformation, and magic. The “North” moon is external, relating to themes of technology, moving away from tradition, and social mobility. It’s a destination, a place to land.

 

The idea of the moon returns in the text for this week in the poem “We Need A God Who Bleeds Now”.

 

“we need a god who bleeds now

a god whose wounds are not

some small male vengeance

some pitiful concession to humility

a desert swept with dryin marrow in honor of the lord

we need a god who bleeds

spreads her lunar vulva & showers us in shades of scarlet

thick & warm like the breath of her

our mothers tearing to let us in

this place breaks open

like our mothers bleeding

the planet is heaving mourning our ignorance

the moon tugs the seas

to hold her/to hold her

embrace swelling hills/i am

not wounded i am bleeding to life

 

Here, rather than moon representing an internal healing spirit present in women or a destination for the black race to strive towards, it becomes an external healing life force that can affect us all. This representation is most similar to the “South” moon in Sassafrass, Cypress, and Indigo. This moon is a god, or spirit, who is female that can direct us all towards healing. This concept reminded me of Solange’s SNL performance of Crane’s In The Sky, a song we have already discussed connects to black women’s search for healing. In this performance, a moon hangs behind her as she is dressed as a god-like female moon figure.

 

In the poem, Shange argues “we need a god who bleeds now, a god whose wounds are not some small male vengeance”. This god is described to have a “lunar vulva”. A connection is drawn again between the concept of the moon and menstruation. In a very cisnormative sense, Shange argues that men bleed from violence, while women bleed from menstruation. Therefore, when men bleed, they are connected to death, while when women bleed, they are connected to life. Through her “scarlet showers” she is able to rebirth us. She can heal the patriarchal violence that has called the planet to “heave”.

 

God here is recharacterized as a maternal, feminine life force rather than a violent, patriarchal force that is often understood in the Christian content. God is a mother, rather than a father. This a god centered in healing. She “embraces” and “holds”, a force that lives through tender actions.

 

The use of “now” creates a sense that this need for change is eternal. It will always be “now” when we read this poem.

 

i’m not sorry

by Onyekachi Iwu 1 Comment

Image result for sorry beyonce

http://https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QxsmWxxouIM

One of my favorite poems from For Colored Girls is the poem “sorry”. MAN I wish this poem wasn’t so damn relatable. I literally found myself laughing out loud. I love the way Shange personifies the “sorry”, stating “I got sorry greeting me at my front door” and how she can’t even open her closet without the empty “sorries” of men spilling out at her feet. I think I also appreciate the specificity of it. As a queer woman who dates men, being begrudgingly “apologized” to, only for that “apology” being followed by the same exact behavior the falling week is such a specific and painful experience I never thought about before. It’s so validating how Shange was able to give space for that, and the specific experiences we need to heal from lackluster love from men.

 

you were always inconsistent

doin somethin & then bein sorry

beatin my heart to death!

talkin bout you sorry well,

i will not call,

i’m not goin to be nice,

i will raise my voice,

& scream & holler

& break things & race the engine

& tell all your secrets bout yourself to your face

& i will list in detail everyone of my wonderful lovers

& their ways i will play oliver lake loud!

& i  wont be sorry for none of it

 

The poem discusses how no matter men’s violence, when they do apologize, it’s not in a place to heal the situation or help progress the relationship. Instead, it is usually a silencing tactic. It’s a word that crosses its arms, waiting by the door for immediate forgiveness and forgetfulness. There is an expectation that you must do the work to forgive and heal alone, and to expect for him to do this work with you is asking for too much.

 

This poem immediately reminded me of Beyonce’s song “Sorry” from her Lemonade Album.

 

Now you want to say you’re sorry

Now you want to call me crying

Now you gotta see me wilding

Now I’m the one that’s lying

And I don’t feel bad about it

It’s exactly what you get

Stop interrupting my grinding

I ain’t thinking ’bout you

 

In “Sorry” by Beyonce, she repeats multiple times how she’s not “sorry” for her behavior (staying out late, spending time with her girls, and dancing). Unlike the men in Shange’s poem, she will not give an empty sorry to follow her behavior. She argues that her lover has driven her to this point, after making her miserable, waiting late for him, and having him lie to her constantly—”beatin her heart to death” as Shange puts it. Beyonce assures him multiple time “i ain’t thinkin bout you”, similar to Shange’s “I will not call” and “i will be sorry for none of it” assertion. The song is about Beyonce celebrating her own company and her companionship with other women in place of the empty companionship from a men. The video has groups of women dancing, carefree and unbothered, reminding me of images of Shange.

 

 

 

with no immediate cause/we love men who are always causing

Thomas Allen Harris

TW: sexual assault

There is a poem in Nappy Edges that particularly haunted me. This poem was “with no immediate cause” (pg.114). In the poem, Shange reveals her inner torment with the ways in which women must engage casually every day with men despite the horrors they commit against them:

every 3 minutes a woman is beaten

every 5 minutes a

woman is raped/ every ten minutes

a lil girl is molested

yet i rode the subway today

i sat next to an old man who

may have beaten his old wife

In this poem, Shange points out that the men who create these statistics are not far away and hidden, living in bushes and allys. They are riding the subway, serving you food, holding the door open for you. They aren’t “hiding” in plain sight. They are simply living. We must smile at them and say good morning when we enter the office. We must have them lecture us in classrooms. The frequency of the statistic proves they are everywhere. This is not to make us fearful that these things could happen us (although they can), but rather in order to be social and “civilized” as women, we must tolerate these atrocities and these evil men, treating them with courtesy and quietness.

However, it was not this poem alone that horrified me, but also how it related to the poem that followed. The poem is followed by “the suspect is black & in his early 20’s”, where Shange defends “ours sons” from the way the media seeks to demonize them for their blackness, assigning guilt to any black man who fits the description of “black and in his 20’s”. A strange effect was created by showing men as both an inherently guilty being that Shange feared, to a being deserving of the sympathy and care society would not afford him.

This is the tragedy, I think, of black women in their relationship with black men. We are taught a duty and feel a desire to protect, love, and defend the very individuals who terrorize us. These are the same men from the first poem, who beat, rape, and molest us. We are called to protect them from the violence that they endure from white society, but who protects us from them?

The juxtaposition of the two pieces also made me think about how there isn’t a man I’ve loved who hasn’t hurt a woman, whether it be physically or emotionally. I know Shange focuses on the physical harm men commit, but their emotional violence is just as prevalent and constant. And how at the end of the day, I still am called to be their sister, their daughter, their partner. I have to hug them when they come hug, kiss them on the cheek in the same casual and quiet way. Are we just in love with the masks they show us, the actions they commit that they know will reward them, the fantasies of them we have created in our minds? No man is innocent, yet we are called to also defend them and love them. 

 

Shange Visit Reflection – Iwu #1

by Onyekachi Iwu 1 Comment

UNTITLED (2004) by Lynette Yiadom Boakye

This week, we had the amazing pleasure of meeting Ntozake Shange in person. There’s something almost unsettling about meeting writers, or any artist one admires in fact, in the flesh. I don’t know if anyone else experiences this. As I watched Shange eat slowly, sip quietly at soda, or struggle to find a page to read from, I was interested in what ways I had constructed her as a mythical figure in my head. And how there was also beauty in these little human moments she gave us casually.

Sometimes it’s hard to believe that a text has a living person behind it, not just the voice you use to read the text. I feel as if there is a Shange that exists who has my same voice and lives in my head, who is the haphazard stapling of all of the inverses of my insecurities. Someone who is the embodiment of all of the women and characters her text speaks through. And then there is the Shange in the flesh. Someone breathing and alive and with a history that no amount of text could fully translate. It was hard to look at her at times, since my brain was wrestling with these two images. Above is a painting by Lynette Yiadom Boakye that I think speaks to this distortion, at least what I experience, when I meet the art vs the artist.

Although I wasn’t able to attend a lot of the lunch, there were a few things I found very compelling that Shange spoke about. One moment was when I asked her what other mediums she would like to translate herself through. In response, she began describing the creative relationship she had with cooking. She spoke of “redefining food for myself as a woman”. Rather than viewing food as a female duty, she spoke of reclaiming the practice as a way to connect to her body and to her culture. It reminds me in the way women often reclaim things used to chain them as a way to release themselves.

I think one of the most interesting things I learned about her work was the note Jennell made about how For Colored Girls was originally meant to be a story about women of color. Although I value solidarity as a concept, I wonder if in search of solidarity the specificity of our experiences are lost. I think the notion of solidarity also disturbs me through the ways I see antiblackness and misogynoir play out in other communities of color. I personally take a lot of issue with the term woman of color, and have actively rejected that term when people try to define me in that way. Until this class, I believe Shange’s work to be work for black women, when in reality, she is interested a wider sense of healing.